CNC vertical lathe (CNC vertical lathe) is an automated equipment that controls the movement and cutting process of machine tools through a CNC system. It combines high-precision sensors and closed-loop control systems to achieve micron-level processing accuracy.
The core working principles include:
1. CNC system control: Control spindle rotation, tool feed, worktable movement and other actions through preset programs.
2. Servo system drive: Convert the calculation results of the CNC device into mechanical movement to ensure processing accuracy.
3. Real-time monitoring and feedback: Monitor cutting force, temperature and other parameters through sensors to optimize the processing process.
Operation steps and precautions
Start-up preparation
1.Safety inspection:
**Wear compliant labor protection supplies (work clothes, safety helmets, protective shoes), and long hair must be put into the hat.
**It is strictly forbidden to operate with gloves. Check whether the chuck wrench is removed and whether the speed change handle is in the correct position.
**Clean up the debris around the machine tool to ensure that there is no interference with the moving parts.
2.Equipment inspection:
**Check whether the lubricating oil level, air source pressure, and hydraulic system are normal.
**Confirm that the wiring of electrical components is firm and not loose or short-circuited.
Start-up process
1.Sequential start:
**Turn on the main power supply of the machine tool (380V).
**Start the power supply of the CNC system (24V) and wait for the system to initialize.
**Release the emergency stop button and perform the zero return operation (first +X axis and then +Z axis).
2.No-load test run:
**Run at low speed for 5-10 minutes to confirm that there is no abnormality in the equipment.
Processing operation
1.Program input and debugging:
**Enter the processing program (manual programming or automatic programming) and perform dry run test.
**After confirming that the program is correct, install the workpiece and tool, and set the tool to establish the workpiece coordinate system.
2.Processing process monitoring:
**It is strictly forbidden to touch the rotating parts or measure the workpiece, and special tools are required to clean the iron chips.
**Check the workpiece size regularly and replace the tool in time if it is worn.
Shutdown and Finishing
1.Normal shutdown:
**Stop processing, exit the program, and turn off the system power.
**Wait for 5 minutes before turning off the main power (avoid frequent power on and off).
2.Site cleaning:
**Remove chips, wipe the machine tool, and fill in the handover record.
Safety operation specifications
Safety operation specifications
1.Qualifications of personnel:
**Operators must undergo professional training, hold a certificate, and be familiar with equipment performance and operating procedures.
2.Operation taboos:
**It is strictly forbidden to overload the machine tool and to transfer tools across the transmission part.
**The operator must not leave the post during the processing, and the machine must be stopped when no one is on duty.
3.Emergency handling:
**In case of abnormal situation, press the "emergency stop" button immediately, report for inspection and maintenance, and it is strictly forbidden to operate with faults.
Daily maintenance
Daily maintenance
1.Lubrication system: Check the lubricating oil level of the guide rail and screw, and add or replace the lubricating oil.
2.Cleaning work: Clean chips and dirt, wipe the surface of the machine tool and the workbench.
3.Gas and liquid inspection: Confirm that the air source pressure, hydraulic oil level and coolant flow are normal.
Weekly maintenance
**Clean the filter of the electrical cabinet to prevent dust accumulation.
Irregular maintenance
1.Check the coolant level and quality, and replace or add in time.
2.Clean the chip conveyor and check the wear of the tool.
Regular maintenance (every six months/year)
1.Semi-annual: Clean the ball screw, hydraulic oil circuit, and replace the hydraulic oil.
2.Annual: Replace the spindle lubricating oil, DC servo motor brushes, and check and adjust the guide rail clearance.
Common faults and troubleshooting methods
Common faults and troubleshooting methods
| Fault phenomenon | Possible causes | Solution |
| Unstable processing dimensions | Screw clearance is too large, bearing wear, spindle vibration | Adjust the screw clearance, replace the bearing, check the spindle installation |
| Excessive surface roughness | Tool wear, machine resonance, creeping phenomenon | Re-sharpen the tool, adjust the machine level, optimize the cooling wave |
| Insufficient hydraulic system pressure | Hydraulic oil leakage, pump failure, oil filter blockage | Check the pipeline sealing, replace the hydraulic oil, clean the oil filter |
| Electrical system failure | Loose cables, component damage, control panel alarm | Check the wiring, replace the faulty components, and troubleshoot according to the instructions |
| Guide rail wear leading to reduced accuracy | Insufficient lubrication, iron filings accumulation | Regularly clean the guide rails, add lubricating oil, and adjust the clearance |
Use CNC vertical lathes correctly and strictly follow operating procedures, strengthen safety awareness, combine daily maintenance and fault prevention, and ensure efficient and stable operation of equipment.
Operators should continue to improve their professional skills, adapt to the trend of CNC vertical lathes towards intelligence and high precision, and provide high-quality processing support for modern manufacturing.