According to the different uses and structures, lathes are mainly divided into horizontal lathes and floor lathes, vertical lathes, turret lathes, single-axis automatic lathes, multi-axis automatic and semi-automatic lathes, profiling lathes and multi-tool lathes and various specialized lathes, such as camshaft lathes, crankshaft lathes, wheel lathes, shovel tooth lathes. Among all lathes, horizontal lathes are the most widely used. The processing size tolerance level of horizontal lathe can reach IT8~IT7, and the surface roughness Ra value can reach 1.6μm. In recent years, computer technology has been widely used in the machine tool manufacturing industry, followed by the emergence of CNC lathes, turning machining centers and other mechatronic products.
Vertical lathe: the spindle is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the workpiece is clamped on a horizontal rotary table, and the tool holder moves on a beam or column. It is suitable for machining large, heavier workpieces that are difficult to install on ordinary lathes, and is divided into two categories: single column and double column.