The vertical lathe spindle refers to the axis that drives the workpiece or tool to rotate on the machine tool. The main shaft components are usually composed of main shaft, bearings and transmission parts (gears or pulleys). In the machine, it is mainly used to support transmission parts such as gears and pulleys to transmit motion and torque, such as machine tool spindles; some are used to clamp workpieces, such as spindles.
Except for machine tools whose main motion is linear motion, such as planers and broaching machines, most machine tools have spindle components. The movement accuracy and structural rigidity of the spindle components are important factors that determine the machining quality and cutting efficiency. The main indicators to measure the performance of spindle components are rotation accuracy, stiffness and speed adaptability.
① Rotation accuracy: The radial and axial runout (see form and position tolerances) in the direction that affects the machining accuracy when the spindle rotates is mainly determined by the manufacturing and assembly quality of the spindle and the bearing.
② Dynamic and static stiffness: Mainly determined by the bending stiffness of the vertical lathe spindle, the stiffness and damping of the bearing.
③Speed adaptability: The allowable higher speed and speed range depend on the structure and lubrication and heat dissipation conditions of the bearing.